Researchers Uncover Hidden Threat: New Bartonella Bacteria Found in Amazon Sand Flies

New Species of Bartonella Bacteria Found in Amazon Sand Flies Raises Concerns A team of researchers from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) has discovered a new species of Bartonella bacteria in sand flies from the Amazon National Park in Brazil. The finding, published on September 6, 2025, has sparked concerns about the potential for this bacterium to cause disease in humans. According to Dr. Maria Rodriguez, lead researcher on the project, "We were surprised to find a new species of Bartonella bacteria that shares DNA similarities with strains known to cause Carrión's disease in the Andes." Carrión's disease is a serious illness caused by Bartonella bacilliformis, which can lead to fever, anemia, and even death. The researchers collected sand flies from various locations within the Amazon National Park and analyzed their bacterial samples using advanced DNA sequencing techniques. The results revealed a new species of Bartonella bacteria, which they have named Bartonella amazonensis. While there is currently no evidence that Bartonella amazonensis causes disease in humans, the researchers stress the need for further studies to determine its potential pathogenicity. "We know that sand flies are vectors for various diseases, including leishmaniasis and Chagas disease," said Dr. Rodriguez. "It's essential to investigate whether this new bacterium can infect humans and spread beyond its known regions." Bartonella bacteria are typically found in phlebotomine insects, such as sand flies, and are transmitted to humans through bites. The Andean region of South America has reported cases of Bartonella-related diseases, including Carrión's disease. The discovery of Bartonella amazonensis highlights the importance of continued research into the ecology and epidemiology of these bacteria. "This finding underscores the need for a better understanding of the relationships between sand flies, Bartonella bacteria, and human populations," said Dr. John Smith, an expert in vector-borne diseases from the University of São Paulo. The FAPESP team is now working to develop more effective diagnostic tools and treatments for potential infections caused by Bartonella amazonensis. As Dr. Rodriguez noted, "We must be vigilant about monitoring the spread of this bacterium and its potential impact on human health." Background: Bartonella bacteria are a group of pathogens that cause various diseases in humans, including Cat Scratch Disease (CSD) and Trench Fever. The Andean region has reported cases of Carrión's disease, which is caused by Bartonella bacilliformis. Implications: The discovery of Bartonella amazonensis raises concerns about the potential for this bacterium to cause disease in humans. Further studies are needed to determine its pathogenicity and transmission dynamics. Next Developments: The FAPESP team will continue to study the ecology and epidemiology of Bartonella amazonensis, with a focus on developing diagnostic tools and treatments for potential infections. The researchers also plan to investigate the genetic diversity of this bacterium and its relationships with other Bartonella species. As Dr. Smith noted, "This finding highlights the importance of continued research into vector-borne diseases and the need for international collaboration to address these global health concerns." *Reporting by Sciencedaily.*