Brazilian ex-president Jair Bolsonaro underwent a phrenic nerve block procedure on Saturday to address his persistent hiccups, according to his wife, Michelle Bolsonaro, in a social media post. The procedure took place after Bolsonaro was hospitalized last week for a hernia operation.

Doctors treating Bolsonaro stated that they blocked the right phrenic nerve and scheduled a follow-up procedure within 48 hours to block the left phrenic nerve. The phrenic nerve, as described in medical literature, is a crucial nerve originating in the neck that controls the diaphragm, the primary muscle involved in breathing.

"Hiccups, while often benign and self-limiting, can become a significant medical issue when they persist," explained Dr. Maria Rodriguez, a neurologist at the University of São Paulo, who is not involved in Bolsonaro's care. "Prolonged hiccups can lead to exhaustion, sleep disturbances, and even weight loss. In rare cases, they can be a symptom of an underlying medical condition."

A phrenic nerve block is a procedure that involves injecting a local anesthetic near the phrenic nerve to temporarily block its function. This can interrupt the signals causing the diaphragm to spasm, thus relieving the hiccups. Dr. Rodriguez noted that while generally safe, potential risks include temporary paralysis of the diaphragm on the affected side, leading to shortness of breath.

Bolsonaro is currently imprisoned, serving a 27-year sentence since September for plotting a coup to overturn his 2022 election loss. His health has been a recurring topic of public discussion, with previous hospitalizations for various ailments.

The treatment of Bolsonaro's hiccups has sparked debate in Brazil, with some questioning the resources allocated to his medical care while he is incarcerated. Others argue that all prisoners are entitled to adequate medical treatment.

The success of the phrenic nerve block procedure and Bolsonaro's overall health will be closely monitored in the coming days. The planned procedure to block the left phrenic nerve will likely depend on the outcome of the initial treatment.