Brazilian ex-president Jair Bolsonaro underwent a phrenic nerve block procedure on Saturday to address his persistent hiccups, according to his wife, Michelle Bolsonaro, who announced the procedure on social media. The procedure took place after Bolsonaro was hospitalized last week for a hernia operation.

Doctors treating Bolsonaro stated that they blocked the right phrenic nerve and scheduled a follow-up procedure within 48 hours to block the left phrenic nerve. The phrenic nerve, as described in medical literature, is a vital nerve originating in the neck that controls the diaphragm, the primary muscle involved in breathing.

According to medical experts, persistent hiccups, while often benign and self-limiting, can sometimes indicate underlying medical conditions or be a side effect of certain medications. In rare cases, intractable hiccups can significantly impact a patient's quality of life, leading to exhaustion, malnutrition, and sleep disturbances.

"Phrenic nerve blocks are typically considered when conservative treatments for hiccups, such as medications and behavioral techniques, have failed," explained Dr. Maria Silva, a neurologist not involved in Bolsonaro's care. "The procedure aims to interrupt the nerve signals that trigger the diaphragm spasms causing the hiccups."

The procedure involves injecting a local anesthetic near the phrenic nerve, temporarily blocking its function. While generally considered safe, potential risks include temporary paralysis of the diaphragm, leading to shortness of breath.

Bolsonaro is currently imprisoned, serving a 27-year sentence after being convicted in September for plotting a coup to overturn his 2022 election loss. His recent hospitalization and subsequent treatment for hiccups have drawn attention amidst his ongoing legal challenges. The long-term effectiveness and potential complications of the phrenic nerve block will be monitored in the coming days.