Despite the reduction in fatalities, activists caution that the decline does not necessarily indicate improved conditions for migrants. Helena Maleno, research coordinator for Caminando Fronteras, stated that tighter border controls have forced migrants to take increasingly dangerous routes.

Much of the decrease in deaths is attributed to heightened border policing, particularly in Mauritania. In 2024, Mauritania signed a 210 million euro migration deal with the European Union, leading to stricter enforcement along its coastline. This has resulted in a sharp decline in migrant arrivals but has simultaneously pushed individuals towards more perilous sea crossings.

The situation highlights the complex interplay between border security measures and migrant safety. While AI-driven surveillance and predictive policing models are increasingly being deployed to manage migration flows, the unintended consequences can include pushing migrants towards more dangerous routes, thereby increasing the risk of fatalities. The ethical implications of using AI in border control, particularly regarding the potential for algorithmic bias and the impact on human rights, are subjects of ongoing debate.

The use of AI in border control is a rapidly evolving field. Advanced technologies like facial recognition, natural language processing for analyzing social media, and machine learning algorithms for predicting migration patterns are becoming increasingly prevalent. However, critics argue that these technologies often lack transparency and accountability, raising concerns about potential human rights violations.

The Caminando Fronteras report underscores the urgent need for a comprehensive approach to migration that prioritizes the safety and well-being of migrants. This includes addressing the root causes of migration, providing safe and legal pathways for migration, and ensuring that border control measures are implemented in a manner that respects human rights. The situation remains fluid, and future developments will likely depend on the evolving geopolitical landscape and the ongoing efforts of governments, international organizations, and civil society groups to address the challenges of migration.