Scientists are anticipating significant advancements across several fields in 2026, including artificial intelligence, gene editing, and space exploration, according to the Nature Podcast released January 1, 2026. The podcast, featuring reporter Miryam Naddaf, highlighted key areas to watch in the coming year.

One major development expected is the rise of small-scale AI models potentially outperforming Large Language Models (LLMs) in reasoning tasks. These smaller models, designed for specific applications, could offer advantages in efficiency and accuracy compared to their larger counterparts. The podcast suggested that this shift could reshape the AI landscape, moving away from the current emphasis on massive, general-purpose models. This development has implications for resource utilization and accessibility, potentially allowing wider adoption of AI technologies.

In the realm of medicine, 2026 is expected to see crucial clinical trials of gene editing therapies aimed at treating rare human disorders. These trials represent a significant step forward in translating gene editing technologies, like CRISPR, into viable treatments. While personalized gene editing has shown promise in individual cases, the upcoming trials will assess the safety and efficacy of these approaches on a larger scale, potentially paving the way for broader applications.

Space exploration will also be in the spotlight, with a sample collection mission from Phobos, one of Mars' moons. This mission aims to gather samples from the Martian moon and return them to Earth for analysis. Scientists hope that these samples will provide valuable insights into the origin and evolution of Mars and its surrounding environment. The mission is a collaborative effort involving multiple space agencies and research institutions.

The podcast also addressed the potential impact of changes to US science policy under the Trump administration. According to the podcast, the changes are expected to have a significant impact on research funding, international collaborations, and scientific integrity. The podcast referenced a tumultuous 2025 for science under the Trump administration, marked by grant cuts, arrests, and layoffs. The long-term consequences of these policy shifts remain to be seen, but scientists are bracing for potential challenges.

The developments in AI, gene editing, and space exploration highlight the rapid pace of scientific progress and the potential for transformative breakthroughs in the coming year. However, the podcast also underscored the importance of addressing ethical considerations and societal implications as these technologies continue to evolve.