Researchers anticipate significant advancements across several scientific domains in 2026, including novel approaches to artificial intelligence, gene editing clinical trials, and a sample collection mission to Phobos. A key area of focus will be the development of small-scale AI models designed to potentially outperform Large Language Models (LLMs) in specific reasoning tasks, according to a recent Nature Podcast.

The shift towards smaller AI models addresses growing concerns about the computational cost and energy consumption associated with LLMs. These smaller models, while potentially less versatile than their larger counterparts, are being engineered for enhanced efficiency and targeted problem-solving. Experts suggest that this approach could democratize AI development, making sophisticated AI tools more accessible to researchers and organizations with limited resources. The implications for society include the potential for more specialized AI applications in fields such as healthcare, education, and environmental monitoring.

Clinical trials involving gene editing technologies are also expected to progress significantly in 2026. These trials aim to treat rare human disorders by precisely correcting genetic defects. The success of personalized gene editing in treating specific cases, as highlighted in previous reports, has fueled optimism about the broader applicability of these techniques. However, ethical considerations and safety protocols remain paramount, and researchers are proceeding with caution to ensure patient well-being.

In space exploration, a sample collection mission to Phobos, one of Mars' moons, is scheduled for 2026. This mission aims to gather samples from the Martian moon and return them to Earth for analysis. Scientists hope that these samples will provide valuable insights into the origin and evolution of Phobos, as well as the early history of the solar system. The mission represents a significant step forward in our understanding of Mars and its surrounding environment.

The Nature Podcast also addressed the potential impact of changes to US science policy implemented by the Trump administration. These policy changes, which include grant cuts, arrests, and layoffs, have created a tumultuous environment for researchers in 2025. The long-term consequences of these policies on scientific progress and international collaboration remain a subject of ongoing debate.