Scientists are anticipating significant advancements across several fields in 2026, ranging from artificial intelligence and gene editing to space exploration and the impact of political policy on research. A recent Nature Podcast highlighted key areas to watch in the coming year, providing insights into potential breakthroughs and challenges.
One major focus is the development of small-scale AI models designed to compete with Large Language Models (LLMs) in reasoning capabilities. While LLMs have dominated the AI landscape, researchers are exploring alternative architectures that could offer advantages in specific tasks. These smaller models, if successful, could provide more efficient and targeted AI solutions, potentially reducing the computational resources required for complex problem-solving. The podcast noted that this shift could democratize AI development, allowing smaller research teams and organizations to contribute to the field.
In the realm of medicine, 2026 is expected to see further progress in clinical trials of gene editing therapies for rare human disorders. The podcast referenced the success of personalized gene editing in treating at least one infant, raising hopes for wider application. However, experts caution that significant hurdles remain before these treatments can be broadly implemented. Safety concerns, ethical considerations, and the high cost of personalized therapies are among the challenges that must be addressed.
Space exploration will also be in the spotlight, with a sample collection mission from Phobos, one of Mars' moons, anticipated. This mission aims to gather samples from the Martian moon and return them to Earth for analysis. Scientists hope that these samples will provide valuable insights into the origin and evolution of Mars and its moons, potentially shedding light on the early history of the solar system.
The podcast also addressed the potential impact of changes to US policy under the Trump administration on the scientific community. The previous year, 2025, was described as "tumultuous" for science, marked by grant cuts, arrests, and layoffs. Experts are closely monitoring how these policies will continue to shape the research landscape in 2026, particularly in areas such as climate change research, environmental regulations, and international collaborations. The podcast suggested that the scientific community may need to adapt to a changing political environment by seeking alternative funding sources and strengthening international partnerships.
The developments in AI, gene editing, space exploration, and the influence of political policy are poised to make 2026 a pivotal year for scientific advancement. While challenges undoubtedly remain, the potential for groundbreaking discoveries and transformative applications is significant.
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In 2026, expect advancements in small-scale AI models potentially surpassing Large Language Models, alongside gene editing clinical trials for rare disorders. A Phobos sample collection mission and the impact of Trump-era US policy changes on science are also key developments to watch.
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