Health officials with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the state of Louisiana reported a case of welders anthrax in an 18-year-old male metalworker, marking the ninth such instance of the rare and potentially fatal condition since it was first described in 2022. The case, detailed in a January 1 case study, occurred in September 2024 in Louisiana.

The previously healthy teen, with no known underlying health conditions or risk factors such as smoking, vaping, or heavy alcohol use, developed a cough and was admitted to an intensive care unit a week later with severe pneumonia and respiratory failure, requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. Blood tests revealed the presence of a bacterium in the Bacillus cereus group, which includes the species that causes classic anthrax.

Doctors connected the diagnosis to the patient's occupation as a welder's apprentice. For six months prior to the onset of his symptoms, he had been performing shielded metal arc welding in the shipbuilding and repair industry.

Welders anthrax is a rare form of anthrax-like illness associated with inhaling metal fumes contaminated with Bacillus cereus bacteria during welding. While classic anthrax is typically caused by Bacillus anthracis, this newer form is linked to a closely related bacterium. Experts believe the Bacillus cereus bacteria can contaminate welding rods or the metal being welded.

The CDC and state health officials are investigating the source of the contamination and working to develop preventative measures for welders. The case study emphasizes the importance of awareness among medical professionals and welders regarding this emerging occupational hazard. Further research is needed to fully understand the risks and develop effective strategies for prevention and treatment.