Health officials with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the state of Louisiana reported a case of welders anthrax in an 18-year-old male in Louisiana in September 2024, marking the ninth such instance of this rare condition. The case study, published January 1, detailed how the previously healthy teen, with no known underlying health conditions or risk factors, developed severe pneumonia and respiratory failure just a week after experiencing a cough.

The patient was admitted to an intensive care unit, requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. Blood tests confirmed the presence of a bacterium in the Bacillus cereus group, which includes the species that causes classic anthrax. Doctors connected this finding to the patient's occupation as a welders apprentice in the shipbuilding and repair industry, where he had been performing shielded metal arc welding for six months prior to the onset of his symptoms.

Welders anthrax, a condition first described in 2022, is a rare form of anthrax that affects metalworkers. According to the CDC, traditional anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis. The Bacillus cereus group is closely related, but welders anthrax is caused by other bacteria in that group. Experts believe that welders may be exposed to the bacteria through contaminated metal materials or the welding process itself.

"This case highlights the importance of awareness among healthcare professionals and welders regarding this emerging occupational hazard," stated a CDC spokesperson. "Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving patient outcomes."

The patient received intensive medical treatment and, as of the report, was recovering. Health officials are continuing to investigate the source of the infection and are working to develop preventative measures for welders. The CDC recommends that welders use appropriate personal protective equipment, including respirators, and practice good hygiene to minimize their risk of exposure. Further research is underway to better understand the specific bacteria involved in welders anthrax and to develop more targeted prevention strategies.