Subzero temperatures and heavy snowfall gripped much of Europe at the start of 2026, particularly impacting central regions, while severe winds battered Corsica, according to MetDesk analysts Faye Hulton and Ed Walton. The cold snap, marked by double-digit negative temperatures, began on New Year's Eve with heavy snowfall in parts of eastern and central Europe, including Poland and Ukraine, and extended to the Alps in the following days.

The Arctic air mass is expected to persist throughout the week, pushing temperatures significantly below seasonal averages across most of Europe, excluding the south-east. MetDesk forecasts indicate temperatures will fall approximately 5C (41F) below average, with some areas in central and north-eastern Europe experiencing temperatures up to 10C lower than normal. The impact of wind chill is expected to exacerbate these conditions.

This extreme weather highlights the increasing volatility of European climate patterns, a trend some scientists attribute to disruptions in the polar vortex. The polar vortex, a large area of low pressure and cold air surrounding both of the Earth's poles, can weaken and become more unstable due to climate change, leading to southward excursions of Arctic air. These events can have significant societal implications, including increased energy demand, transportation disruptions, and potential health risks for vulnerable populations.

The ability to accurately predict and prepare for these events is increasingly reliant on advanced weather forecasting models powered by artificial intelligence. These models analyze vast datasets of atmospheric conditions, historical weather patterns, and climate projections to generate more accurate and timely forecasts. AI algorithms, particularly deep learning models, are able to identify subtle patterns and relationships in the data that may be missed by traditional forecasting methods.

However, the use of AI in weather forecasting also raises important questions about data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the potential for over-reliance on automated systems. Ensuring transparency and accountability in the development and deployment of these technologies is crucial to building public trust and maximizing their benefits. Recent developments in explainable AI (XAI) are aimed at making these complex models more understandable, allowing forecasters to better interpret their predictions and identify potential errors.

Looking ahead, the focus will be on monitoring the intensity and duration of the Arctic air mass, as well as its potential impact on energy infrastructure and public health. Weather agencies across Europe are collaborating to share data and coordinate response efforts. The situation remains dynamic, and further updates will be provided as the week progresses.