The study highlights that the environmental impact stems primarily from the printed circuit boards (PCBs) within the devices, rather than the plastic casings. According to the researchers, the PCB accounts for approximately 70% of the device's carbon footprint due to the intensive mining and manufacturing processes required to produce them. The study also estimates that the production of these devices could generate 100 million tons of carbon dioxide by 2050.

"It isn't something that tends to get much attention," stated one of the study's co-authors, emphasizing the need for greater awareness of the environmental consequences associated with the growing popularity of wearable health technology.

The proliferation of wearable health devices is driven by their increasing utility in monitoring vital signs, managing chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension, and promoting preventative healthcare. Devices showcased at CES 2026 in Las Vegas this week exemplify this trend, with companies unveiling advanced glucose monitors, blood pressure trackers, and sophisticated fitness trackers. These devices offer continuous data collection, enabling individuals and healthcare providers to gain a more comprehensive understanding of a patient's health status.

To mitigate the environmental impact, the researchers propose two primary solutions. First, they suggest developing chips that utilize more common metals, such as copper, instead of rare and environmentally costly minerals like gold. Second, they advocate for modular designs that allow for the reuse of the circuit board while enabling the replacement of the outer casing. This approach would significantly reduce the demand for new PCBs, thereby lowering the overall environmental footprint.

The findings of this study have significant implications for manufacturers, policymakers, and consumers. Manufacturers can adopt more sustainable design and manufacturing practices, while policymakers can incentivize the development and adoption of eco-friendly technologies. Consumers can make informed purchasing decisions by considering the environmental impact of the devices they choose. The researchers hope that their findings will spur innovation and collaboration to create a more sustainable future for wearable health technology.