A new study projects that wearable health devices, like glucose monitors and fitness trackers showcased at CES 2026 this week, could generate over a million tons of electronic waste by 2050. Researchers at Cornell University and the University of Chicago found that the increasing demand for these devices, potentially reaching 2 billion units per year by 2050, poses a significant environmental challenge.

The study, published in Nature, revealed that the printed circuit board, the device's central processing unit, accounts for 70% of its carbon footprint, primarily due to the intensive mining and manufacturing processes required for its production. This finding challenges the common assumption that plastic components are the primary source of environmental harm. The researchers estimate that producing these devices could also release 100 million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere over the same period if current manufacturing practices remain unchanged.

"When these devices become obsolete, their disposal contributes to e-waste, which leaches harmful chemicals into the environment and poses risks to human health," said one of the study's co-authors. The medical context is important, as these devices play an increasing role in preventative care and chronic disease management, such as diabetes and hypertension. Wearable glucose monitors, for example, allow individuals with diabetes to continuously track their blood sugar levels, enabling more effective management of their condition and reducing the risk of complications. Similarly, blood pressure trackers provide valuable data for individuals at risk of cardiovascular disease.

To mitigate the environmental impact, the researchers suggest two key solutions. First, they propose developing chips using more common metals, such as copper, instead of rare minerals like gold. Second, they advocate for modular designs that allow for the reuse of the circuit board while replacing the outer casing. This approach would significantly reduce the demand for new circuit boards and minimize e-waste.

The study highlights the need for manufacturers to prioritize sustainable design and production practices for wearable health devices. Consumers can also play a role by choosing devices with longer lifespans, participating in recycling programs, and advocating for more environmentally friendly options. The long-term health benefits of wearable devices should be weighed against their environmental costs, urging a shift towards a more sustainable approach to healthcare technology.