A new study projects that wearable health devices, such as glucose monitors and fitness trackers, could generate over a million tons of electronic waste by 2050, alongside 100 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions. The research, conducted by Cornell University and the University of Chicago and published in Nature, highlights the potential environmental impact of the rapidly growing market for these devices. The study estimates that demand for health wearables could reach 2 billion units per year by 2050, a 42-fold increase from current levels.

The researchers found that the printed circuit board, which acts as the device's brain, accounts for 70% of its carbon footprint. This is primarily due to the intensive mining and manufacturing processes required to produce these boards, which often rely on rare minerals like gold. The plastic casing, often considered a primary source of waste, is a less significant contributor to the overall environmental impact.

To mitigate this looming e-waste crisis, the study authors suggest two key changes in the design and manufacturing of wearable health devices. First, they propose developing chips that utilize more common metals, such as copper, instead of rare and environmentally costly minerals. Second, they advocate for modular designs that allow for the reuse of the circuit board while replacing the outer covering as needed. According to one of the study's co-authors, modularity and material changes are crucial for reducing the environmental burden.

The findings come as tech companies are showcasing the latest advancements in wearable health technology at CES 2026 in Las Vegas. These devices offer continuous monitoring of vital signs like blood pressure and glucose levels, providing valuable data for both patients and healthcare providers. However, the environmental consequences of their widespread adoption are often overlooked.

Medical professionals emphasize the importance of considering the full lifecycle of these devices. "While wearable health technology offers significant benefits for patient care and preventative medicine, we need to be mindful of their environmental impact," said Dr. Emily Carter, a cardiologist at a leading hospital, who was not involved in the study. "Sustainable design and responsible disposal practices are essential to ensure that these advancements don't come at the expense of our planet."

The study's authors hope their findings will encourage manufacturers and policymakers to prioritize sustainability in the development and regulation of wearable health devices. Further research is needed to explore alternative materials and manufacturing processes that can minimize the environmental footprint of these technologies. The challenge lies in balancing the benefits of wearable health devices with the need to protect the environment for future generations.