Protests erupted in Tehran and other Iranian cities Thursday evening, with demonstrators calling for the overthrow of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei amid growing discontent over the country's economic situation. Videos verified by BBC Persian showed large crowds marching in Tehran and Mashhad, in what observers described as the largest display of opposition to the clerical establishment in years.

The demonstrations, which remained peaceful and were not dispersed by security forces initially, followed 12 consecutive days of unrest sparked by the collapse of the Iranian currency. According to human rights groups, the protests have spread to over 100 cities and towns across all 31 of Iran's provinces.

Footage from the protests captured demonstrators chanting slogans in support of Reza Pahlavi, the exiled son of the late former Shah, who has urged his supporters to take to the streets.

The US-based Human Rights Activist News Agency (HRANA) reported that at least 34 protesters, including five children, and eight security personnel have been killed in the unrest.

The protests coincide with increasing economic hardship in Iran, exacerbated by international sanctions and internal economic policies. The Iranian currency has plummeted in value, leading to rising inflation and widespread economic anxiety. The current unrest reflects a culmination of long-standing grievances related to economic mismanagement and political restrictions.

The demonstrations present a significant challenge to the Iranian government, which has faced similar periods of unrest in the past. The government's response to the protests will likely be closely watched by international observers, particularly in light of concerns about human rights and freedom of expression. Following the initial demonstrations, a monitoring group reported a nationwide internet blackout, raising concerns about the government's efforts to control the flow of information. The situation remains fluid, and the potential for further escalation remains a concern.