Businesses, universities, and government offices across most of Iran remained closed Wednesday due to a government-ordered shutdown intended to address growing public discontent over the country's struggling economy and government. The one-day shutdown affected 21 of Iran's 31 provinces, including the capital, Tehran.

The shutdown coincided with President Masoud Pezeshkian's appointment of Abdolnaser Hemmati, the former economy minister, as the new central bank chief. According to state news media, Pezeshkian acknowledged the difficulty of the role, stating it would subject Hemmati to intense pressure and criticism. The appointment follows the abrupt resignation of Mohammad Reza Farzin on Monday, the former central bank head.

Iran's inflation rate has spiked recently, leading to protests by merchants in Tehran and other cities. Footage circulating on social media Wednesday, verified by The New York Times, showed demonstrators in Fasa, south-central Iran, throwing objects at the gates of a government building complex and attempting to breach the entrance.

The economic turmoil and subsequent protests stem from a complex interplay of factors, including international sanctions, government economic policies, and global inflation. The United States reimposed sanctions on Iran after withdrawing from the 2015 nuclear deal, formally known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, which limited Iran's nuclear program in exchange for sanctions relief. These sanctions have significantly impacted Iran's ability to trade and access international financial markets.

The government's response to the economic challenges has faced criticism from various segments of Iranian society. Some economists argue that the government's monetary policies have contributed to inflation, while others point to mismanagement and corruption as key factors. The protests reflect a broad range of grievances, including rising prices, unemployment, and a perceived lack of government accountability.

The appointment of a new central bank chief signals the government's attempt to regain control over the economic situation. However, Hemmati faces a daunting task in stabilizing the economy and restoring public confidence. The success of his efforts will likely depend on the government's ability to address the underlying structural issues and navigate the complex geopolitical landscape. The situation remains fluid, and further developments are expected in the coming days as the government seeks to address the ongoing protests and economic challenges.