A cremation pyre approximately 9,500 years old has been unearthed in Malawi, providing novel insights into the practices of ancient hunter-gatherer societies. Located in a rock shelter at the base of Mount Hora in northern Malawi, the pyre is believed to be the world's oldest containing the remains of an adult, the earliest confirmed intentional cremation in Africa, and the first pyre linked to African hunter-gatherers, according to researchers.

The discovery included 170 individual human bone fragments, apparently from an adult woman just under 1.5 meters (5ft) tall, found in two clusters during excavations in 2017 and 2018. The remains were intermixed with layers of ash, charcoal, and sediment. The research team, working at the site, suggests the find offers a rare glimpse into the ritualistic behaviors of these early populations.

The significance of this discovery lies in its potential to reshape understanding of early human mortuary practices in Africa. Prior to this finding, evidence of cremation rituals in Africa was scarce, and this pyre provides concrete evidence of intentional cremation practices among hunter-gatherer groups during the Late Stone Age. The intentional act of cremation suggests a level of symbolic thought and social complexity previously underestimated in these communities.

Researchers emphasize that further analysis of the bone fragments and surrounding materials is needed to fully understand the context of the cremation. This includes radiocarbon dating to confirm the age of the pyre and isotopic analysis to determine the individual's diet and origin. The team also plans to conduct comparative studies with other archaeological sites in Africa to identify potential connections and broader patterns of mortuary practices.

The discovery highlights the importance of continued archaeological research in Africa for uncovering the rich history of human evolution and cultural development. The team plans to publish their findings in a peer-reviewed journal, making the data accessible to other researchers and the public. Further excavations at the Mount Hora site are planned to explore other potential archaeological features in the area.