Health officials with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the state of Louisiana reported a case of welders anthrax in an 18-year-old male in Louisiana in September 2024, marking the ninth such case since the condition was first described in 2022. The case study, published January 1, detailed how the previously healthy teen, with no underlying health conditions or risk factors like smoking or heavy alcohol use, developed severe pneumonia and respiratory failure just a week after experiencing a cough.

The patient was admitted to an intensive care unit, requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. Blood tests revealed the presence of a bacterium in the Bacillus cereus group, which includes the species that causes classic anthrax. Doctors connected this finding to his occupation as a welders apprentice, where he had been performing shielded metal arc welding in the shipbuilding and repair industry for six months prior to the onset of his symptoms.

Welders anthrax, a rare and often fatal condition, is linked to the inhalation of Bacillus cereus bacteria present in welding fumes. While classic anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis, this newer form is associated with a closely related bacterium. Experts believe the bacteria can contaminate welding rods or materials, leading to inhalation during the welding process. The exact mechanisms and sources of contamination are still under investigation.

The CDC is working with state health departments and industry partners to investigate these cases and develop preventative measures. These measures may include improved ventilation in welding environments, the use of personal protective equipment such as respirators, and enhanced cleaning protocols for welding equipment and materials.

The patient in this case was treated with antibiotics and supportive care. While the report did not specify the outcome of the case, health officials emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for welders anthrax. They urge welders experiencing respiratory symptoms to seek medical attention immediately and inform their healthcare providers about their occupation. Further research is underway to better understand the risks associated with welders anthrax and to develop more effective prevention strategies.