Health officials with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the state of Louisiana reported a case of welders anthrax in an 18-year-old male in Louisiana in September 2024, marking the ninth such instance of this rare condition since it was first described in 2022. The case study, published January 1, detailed how the previously healthy teen, with no underlying health conditions or risk factors such as smoking, vaping, or heavy alcohol use, developed severe pneumonia and respiratory failure just a week after experiencing a cough.

The patient was admitted to an intensive care unit, requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. Blood tests revealed the presence of a bacterium in the Bacillus cereus group, which includes the species that causes classic anthrax. Doctors connected this finding to his occupation as a welders apprentice in the shipbuilding and repair industry, where he had been performing shielded metal arc welding for six months prior to the onset of his symptoms.

Welders anthrax is a rare form of anthrax that is linked to the inhalation of Bacillus cereus bacteria during welding activities. While classic anthrax is typically associated with Bacillus anthracis, this newer form involves a related bacterium. Experts believe that the welding process may aerosolize the bacteria, allowing it to be inhaled and cause respiratory illness.

"This case highlights the importance of awareness and vigilance among healthcare professionals and welders alike," said a CDC spokesperson, who requested anonymity because they were not authorized to speak on the matter. "Early recognition and prompt treatment are crucial for improving patient outcomes."

The CDC and state health officials are currently investigating the source of the Bacillus cereus contamination in welding environments. They are also working to develop recommendations for preventing welders anthrax, including promoting the use of appropriate respiratory protection and improving ventilation in welding areas.

The patient in this case received intensive medical treatment and has since recovered. However, health officials emphasize the need for welders to be aware of the potential risks and to take precautions to protect themselves from inhaling harmful bacteria. Further research is underway to better understand the mechanisms of welders anthrax and to develop more effective prevention strategies.