Palestinians in Gaza are utilizing mud and rubble from destroyed buildings to reconstruct homes, a practice necessitated by ongoing restrictions on construction material imports and escalating prices. This rebuilding effort comes two years after the last major conflict, as reported on January 14, 2026.

The scarcity of conventional building supplies, largely attributed to Israeli import restrictions, has forced residents to adopt unconventional methods. The process involves mixing pulverized rubble with mud and straw to create a rudimentary form of adobe, which is then used to rebuild walls and structures. This method, while resource-efficient, presents significant challenges in terms of structural integrity and durability compared to concrete and steel.

"We have no other choice," said Fatima Khalil, a resident of Gaza City whose home was destroyed in the conflict. "We cannot afford to buy cement, and even if we could, it is often unavailable. We are using what we have to provide shelter for our families."

The reliance on mud and rubble raises concerns about the long-term habitability and safety of these reconstructed homes. Experts in structural engineering note that such materials lack the compressive strength and resistance to environmental factors offered by modern building materials. This could lead to increased vulnerability to collapse during future conflicts or natural disasters.

The Israeli government maintains that the restrictions on construction materials are necessary to prevent their diversion for military purposes by Hamas, the governing body in Gaza. However, humanitarian organizations and international observers have criticized the policy, arguing that it disproportionately affects civilians and hinders reconstruction efforts.

"The restrictions on construction materials are a major impediment to rebuilding Gaza and improving the lives of its residents," stated a spokesperson for the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). "We urge all parties to find a solution that addresses security concerns while allowing for the necessary materials to enter Gaza."

The current situation highlights the complex interplay between security concerns, humanitarian needs, and the availability of resources in conflict zones. While the use of mud and rubble provides a temporary solution for some, a sustainable and durable rebuilding strategy requires a comprehensive approach that addresses both the underlying causes of the conflict and the long-term needs of the population. Future developments will likely depend on negotiations between Israel and Hamas, as well as the international community's willingness to provide financial and material assistance.