Earlier this week, MIT Technology Review released its annual list of Ten Breakthrough Technologies, highlighting innovations poised to significantly impact various sectors, including biotechnology, by 2026. The list, which features technologies that gained prominence in the past year, identifies those expected to generate substantial advancements and potential challenges in the near future. Among the highlighted biotechnologies are advancements in gene editing for newborns, the revival of genes from extinct species, and controversial embryo screening techniques.

One breakthrough involves base editing, a precise form of gene therapy, which was used to treat a newborn named KJ Muldoon who suffered from a rare genetic disorder causing a buildup of toxic ammonia in his blood. According to MIT Technology Review, Muldoon received a personalized base editing treatment designed to correct the specific genetic mutation responsible for his condition, potentially averting the need for a liver transplant and preventing severe neurological complications. This application of base editing demonstrates the potential for targeted gene therapies to address previously untreatable genetic diseases in newborns.

Another area of focus is the resurrection of genes from ancient species. Scientists are exploring ways to reintroduce genes from extinct animals into living organisms, aiming to understand the function of these genes and potentially restore lost traits. While the practical applications of this technology are still in the early stages, researchers believe it could provide valuable insights into evolution, genetics, and potentially even contribute to conservation efforts.

The list also includes embryo screening for traits like height and intelligence, a technology that raises ethical concerns. This controversial technique allows prospective parents to screen embryos for a range of characteristics, potentially influencing the selection of embryos for implantation. Critics argue that this technology could lead to designer babies and exacerbate existing social inequalities. Supporters, however, contend that it offers parents the opportunity to make informed decisions about their children's health and well-being.

The inclusion of these three biotechnologies reflects the rapid pace of innovation in the field and the potential for these technologies to reshape healthcare, genetics, and society. While the benefits of these advancements are significant, they also raise complex ethical and social questions that require careful consideration. The MIT Technology Review's list serves as a reminder of the transformative power of biotechnology and the importance of engaging in thoughtful discussions about its implications.