A large international study published Friday revealed a significant correlation between reproduction and lifespan in mammals, indicating that limiting reproduction often leads to a longer life. Researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology and other institutions worldwide found that suppressing reproduction, through methods like castration or naturally lower reproductive rates, can extend lifespan by approximately 10 percent on average across various mammalian species.

The study, which analyzed data from a wide range of mammals across different continents, highlighted distinct biological mechanisms at play in males and females. According to the report, castrated males often experience increased longevity due to the avoidance of testosterone's potentially harmful effects. Females, on the other hand, appear to benefit from sidestepping the intense physical demands associated with pregnancy and nursing.

"This research underscores a fundamental evolutionary trade-off," said Dr. Elena Ramirez, lead author of the study at the Max Planck Institute. "Mammals, including humans, face a biological imperative to balance reproduction and survival. It appears that investing heavily in one often comes at the expense of the other."

The findings have implications for understanding aging processes not only in mammals but potentially in humans as well. While direct comparisons are complex, the study provides insights into the biological factors that influence lifespan. The concept of trade-offs between reproduction and longevity has been observed in various cultures and historical contexts. For example, in some societies, religious orders or individuals who abstain from marriage and childbearing have historically been associated with longer lifespans, though this is often intertwined with factors such as diet, lifestyle, and social support.

Researchers caution that the 10 percent average increase in lifespan is a general trend and can vary significantly depending on the species, environment, and specific circumstances. Further research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and to explore potential applications for promoting healthy aging. The team plans to investigate the specific genes and molecular pathways involved in this trade-off, with the hope of identifying potential targets for interventions that could extend lifespan and improve healthspan in mammals, including humans. The study was published in the journal Nature Aging.