A large international study revealed that suppressing reproduction in mammals is linked to longer lifespans, often increasing life expectancy by approximately 10 percent. The research, conducted by an international team led by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology and published on January 16, 2026, examined a wide range of mammalian species and found a consistent trade-off between reproduction and survival.

The study indicated that the biological mechanisms behind this phenomenon differ between males and females. According to researchers, castrated males tend to live longer due to the avoidance of the detrimental effects of testosterone. Females, on the other hand, experience increased longevity by circumventing the intense physical demands associated with pregnancy and nursing.

"These findings underscore a fundamental biological principle," explained Dr. Elena Ramirez, lead author of the study at the Max Planck Institute. "The energy and resources an animal invests in reproduction directly impact its ability to maintain and repair its body, ultimately affecting its lifespan."

The research has implications for understanding aging processes not only in mammals but potentially in humans as well. While direct interventions to suppress reproduction in humans raise ethical concerns, the study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between reproductive hormones, physiological stress, and longevity.

Across various cultures, attitudes toward reproduction and family size differ significantly. In some societies, large families are highly valued for economic or religious reasons, while in others, smaller families are becoming increasingly common due to factors such as urbanization, access to education, and career opportunities for women. These cultural contexts can influence reproductive patterns and, consequently, potentially impact population-level health and longevity trends.

Researchers from universities and research institutions in Europe, North America, and Asia contributed to the study. The team analyzed data from both captive and wild populations of various mammal species, including rodents, primates, and ungulates. The findings were consistent across different environments and dietary habits, suggesting a universal biological principle at play.

Further research is planned to investigate the specific molecular pathways involved in the trade-off between reproduction and lifespan. Scientists hope to identify potential therapeutic targets that could promote healthy aging without necessarily suppressing reproductive function. The study's findings contribute to a growing body of knowledge on the complex factors that influence lifespan and aging in the animal kingdom.