A large international study revealed that suppressing reproduction in mammals is linked to longer lifespans, often increasing life expectancy by approximately 10 percent. The research, conducted by a team of scientists from institutions across the globe including the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, examined a wide range of mammalian species and found a consistent correlation between reduced reproductive activity and extended longevity.

The study, published Jan. 16, 2026, indicated that the biological mechanisms behind this phenomenon differ between males and females. According to the findings, castrated males tend to live longer due to the avoidance of the detrimental effects of testosterone. Females, on the other hand, experience increased longevity by circumventing the physically demanding processes of pregnancy and nursing.

"These results underscore a powerful biological trade-off between making offspring and staying alive longer," said a lead researcher from the Max Planck Institute, who requested anonymity due to the sensitive nature of the findings in certain cultural contexts. The researcher added that the study highlights a fundamental evolutionary compromise that shapes the life history of mammals, including humans.

The implications of this research extend beyond the scientific community, potentially influencing cultural practices and societal norms related to reproduction and aging. In some cultures, for example, castration has historically been practiced for various social and economic reasons, and this research may provide a new biological understanding of the potential long-term health consequences of such practices. Similarly, the findings could spark debate about the impact of family planning and reproductive choices on women's health and longevity, particularly in regions where women face significant pressure to bear numerous children.

While the study provides compelling evidence for the link between reproduction and lifespan, further research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and to explore the potential applications of these findings. Scientists are particularly interested in investigating whether similar trade-offs exist in other animal species and in exploring the possibility of developing interventions that could promote healthy aging without compromising reproductive function. The research team plans to conduct follow-up studies focusing on specific genes and hormonal pathways that may be involved in this biological trade-off.