Earlier this week, MIT Technology Review identified three biotechnology innovations poised to significantly impact the field by 2026: gene editing in newborns, the revival of ancient genes, and expanded embryo screening for traits like height and intelligence. These technologies, while promising, also raise ethical considerations that are currently being debated within the scientific community and the broader public.
The first breakthrough involves base editing, a precise form of gene therapy, used to treat a newborn, KJ Muldoon, in August 2024. Muldoon was born with a rare genetic disorder that caused a buildup of toxic ammonia in his blood, potentially leading to fatal complications and neurological damage. Traditional treatment options were limited to a liver transplant. However, Muldoon received an experimental, personalized base editing treatment designed to correct the specific genetic mutation responsible for his condition. This intervention represents a significant advancement in the application of gene editing to treat genetic diseases early in life.
The second technology highlighted is the resurrection of genes from extinct species. Scientists are exploring the possibility of reintroducing ancient genes into living organisms to potentially unlock new biological functions or enhance existing ones. While the practical applications are still in the early stages, researchers believe that this technology could offer insights into evolutionary biology and potentially lead to the development of novel biomaterials or therapeutic strategies.
The third biotechnology identified is a controversial method of embryo screening that allows parents to select embryos based on desired characteristics, such as height and intelligence. This technology raises ethical concerns about the potential for designer babies and the societal implications of selecting for specific traits. Critics argue that such screening could exacerbate existing inequalities and lead to discrimination against individuals with less desirable genetic profiles. Proponents, however, argue that it offers parents the opportunity to improve the health and well-being of their children.
These three technologies are expected to drive significant advancements in biotechnology over the next few years. However, their development and implementation will require careful consideration of the ethical, social, and regulatory implications. The ongoing debate surrounding these technologies will likely shape the future of biotechnology and its impact on society.
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