The vibrant Afghan music scene in Peshawar, Pakistan, a refuge for artists fleeing conflict and oppression, faces imminent silence as Pakistani authorities expel Afghan refugees. Since last year, a million Afghans have been forced to leave, disrupting a community of musicians, carpet weavers, and dancers who have thrived for decades.

Pakistan had long been a sanctuary for Afghans escaping war and political turmoil, initially from Soviet invaders in the 1980s and later from the Taliban, who first seized power in the 1990s. The Taliban's stance against music, including persecution of artists and destruction of instruments, intensified after their resurgence in 2021. This led many musicians to seek safety in Pakistan, particularly in cities like Peshawar, where they could continue their artistic traditions.

However, since 2023, the Pakistani government has accused the Taliban of supporting insurgents targeting Pakistan. In response, they have declared millions of Afghans, including those who fled after the Taliban takeover, as illegal immigrants subject to expulsion. This crackdown threatens the existence of the Afghan music community in Peshawar, impacting wedding halls, concert stages, and private gatherings where their music once resonated. The loss of this cultural hub would not only silence the voices of these artists but also diminish the rich musical heritage of Afghanistan.