Transatlantic flight times are influenced not only by day-to-day winds but also by longer-term climate trends, according to recent research published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. The study highlights the impact of climate patterns, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), on eastbound flight durations.

The research indicates that when the NAO is in a strong positive phase, characterized by a large difference in atmospheric pressure between the Icelandic Low and the Azores High, eastbound flights tend to be shorter. This is due to stronger tailwinds that propel planes across the Atlantic. Conversely, a negative NAO phase can lead to weaker tailwinds or even headwinds, increasing flight times.

"These climate trends are becoming increasingly important for airlines to consider," said Dr. Peter Williams, an atmospheric scientist and co-author of the study. "Understanding the NAO and other climate patterns can help airlines optimize flight routes and fuel consumption, potentially leading to cost savings and reduced emissions."

The study, conducted by researchers at multiple institutions, analyzed historical flight data and climate records to establish a correlation between the NAO and transatlantic flight durations. They found that the impact of the NAO is most pronounced during the winter months when the oscillation is typically strongest.

The findings have implications for both the aviation industry and travelers. Airlines can use this information to improve flight planning and scheduling, while passengers may experience variations in flight times depending on the prevailing climate conditions.

The research also underscores the broader impact of climate change on various aspects of society, including transportation. As climate patterns continue to shift, it is likely that transatlantic flight times will be further affected, requiring ongoing adaptation and mitigation strategies.

The study, published in January 2025, is available through Nature Portfolio journals.