An estimated 50,000 clandestine Starlink terminals are currently providing internet access to Iranians, circumventing a government-imposed internet shutdown that began on January 8th. The terminals are offering a crucial communication lifeline for a nation of over 90 million people, according to Shayna Korol, a Future Perfect fellow at Vox.

The internet blackout coincided with escalating anti-government protests sparked by dire economic conditions and demands for an end to the rule of Ali Khamenei. Reports indicate that security forces have cracked down on protesters, resulting in at least 2,600 deaths, with some estimates suggesting the death toll could be as high as 20,000. The Human Rights Activists News Agency, based in the US, reports that over 18,000 protesters have been arrested.

Starlink, a satellite internet constellation operated by SpaceX, provides high-speed, low-latency broadband internet across the globe. The service utilizes a network of satellites in low Earth orbit, communicating with user terminals on the ground. While the Iranian government has attempted to block satellite signals, the sheer number of terminals and the technology's adaptability have made complete blockage difficult. The exact methods used to smuggle the terminals into Iran and maintain their operation remain largely unknown, but experts suggest a combination of resourceful individuals, international support networks, and technical expertise are involved.

The use of Starlink in Iran highlights the ongoing tension between governments seeking to control information and individuals seeking access to it. The situation also raises questions about the role of private companies like SpaceX in international affairs and the potential for satellite internet to become a tool for circumventing censorship. The Iranian rial is currently the least valuable currency in the world, exacerbating the economic grievances fueling the protests. The government has not yet commented on the widespread use of Starlink terminals within the country. The future of internet access in Iran remains uncertain, but the presence of these terminals suggests a continued effort to maintain connectivity despite government restrictions.