Thousands of workers have fled scam compounds across Cambodia in recent days, officials said, following increased international pressure to dismantle the multibillion-dollar industry. The Indonesian embassy in Phnom Penh reported receiving requests for assistance from 1,440 Indonesian nationals who said they had been released from the centers. Large numbers of Chinese nationals were also observed gathering outside the Chinese embassy seeking help.

Amnesty International stated it had verified at least 10 scamming compounds across Cambodia through geolocation of 15 videos and images, as well as analysis of social media posts depicting escape attempts and releases. The organization expressed deep concern for scores of individuals reportedly wandering in search of assistance after fleeing the compounds.

These scam centers, often operating under the guise of online gambling or call centers, have become notorious for human trafficking and forced labor. Victims, lured by promises of high-paying jobs, are often forced to work long hours under threat of violence, engaging in online scams targeting individuals worldwide. The scams range from romance fraud and cryptocurrency schemes to investment scams and illegal gambling operations.

Cambodia has emerged as a hub for these illicit operations, particularly in cities like Sihanoukville, due to a combination of factors including weak law enforcement, corruption, and the influx of Chinese investment linked to the Belt and Road Initiative. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the problem, as border closures and economic hardship made individuals more vulnerable to trafficking.

The United Nations and various international organizations have repeatedly called on the Cambodian government to take stronger action to combat human trafficking and shut down these scam centers. Neighboring countries, including Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam, have been working to repatriate their citizens who have fallen victim to these scams. The issue has also strained diplomatic relations between Cambodia and China, with Beijing urging Phnom Penh to crack down on illegal online gambling and related criminal activities.

The recent releases and escapes are seen as a potential sign that increased international scrutiny is having an impact. However, observers caution that the problem is far from resolved, and that sustained pressure is needed to dismantle the criminal networks operating these scam centers and protect vulnerable workers from exploitation. The Cambodian government has pledged to investigate the reports and take action against those involved in human trafficking and scam operations.