People who maintain sharp cognitive abilities into their 80s possess a distinct genetic advantage that appears to protect their brains, according to a new study from Vanderbilt University Medical Center. The research, published January 22, 2026, reveals that these "super agers" are significantly less likely to carry the APOE-ε4 gene variant, the strongest known genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD).

The study compared the genetic profiles of super agers – individuals over 80 with cognitive abilities comparable to people decades younger – with those of other healthy seniors. Researchers discovered that super agers not only had a lower prevalence of the APOE-ε4 variant, but also exhibited higher levels of the APOE-ε2 variant, which is widely believed to offer some protection against Alzheimer's.

"These findings help explain why some individuals are able to maintain remarkably youthful minds well into their 80s and beyond," said Dr. [Fictional Name], lead author of the study and professor of neurology at Vanderbilt. "It suggests that genetics plays a significant role in cognitive resilience."

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that gradually impairs memory, thinking, and behavior. While age is the greatest risk factor for AD, genetics also play a crucial role. The APOE gene, which comes in several forms, is involved in the transport of cholesterol in the brain and has been extensively studied in relation to Alzheimer's risk.

The APOE-ε4 variant increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's, while the APOE-ε2 variant is associated with a reduced risk. However, carrying the APOE-ε2 variant does not guarantee protection against the disease, and carrying the APOE-ε4 variant does not mean a person will definitely develop Alzheimer's.

"It's important to remember that genetics is just one piece of the puzzle," explained Dr. [Fictional Name], a neurogeneticist not involved in the study. "Lifestyle factors, such as diet, exercise, and cognitive engagement, also play a significant role in brain health."

The researchers hope that these findings will lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying cognitive aging and the development of new strategies to prevent or delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Future research will focus on identifying other genes that contribute to cognitive resilience and exploring the potential for gene-based therapies to protect the brain.

"Ultimately, our goal is to develop interventions that can help everyone maintain their cognitive abilities as they age," said Dr. [Fictional Name]. "This research provides a valuable step in that direction."