Scientists anticipate significant advancements across several key areas in 2026, including artificial intelligence, gene editing, and space exploration, according to the Nature Podcast released January 1, 2026. The podcast highlighted upcoming clinical trials of gene editing techniques aimed at treating rare human disorders, a sample collection mission from Phobos, and the potential impact of changes to US science policy enacted by the Trump administration.

One of the most anticipated developments is the rise of small-scale AI models designed to outperform Large Language Models (LLMs) in reasoning tasks. These smaller models, according to Miryam Naddaf, a reporter featured on the Nature Podcast, could potentially revolutionize specific applications where efficiency and targeted reasoning are paramount. "We're seeing a shift towards specialized AI," Naddaf explained, "where smaller models, trained on specific datasets, can achieve superior results compared to the more generalized LLMs." This shift could address concerns about the computational cost and energy consumption associated with large-scale AI, making advanced AI capabilities more accessible and sustainable. The implications for society are vast, potentially impacting fields from medical diagnosis to financial analysis, where precise and efficient reasoning is critical.

In the realm of medicine, gene editing is poised to make significant strides. Clinical trials are planned to evaluate the safety and efficacy of gene editing therapies for rare human disorders. These trials build upon earlier successes, such as personalized gene editing treatments for infants, and aim to expand the application of this technology to a wider range of genetic conditions. While the potential benefits are immense, ethical considerations and long-term safety remain paramount. Researchers are proceeding cautiously, emphasizing rigorous monitoring and data analysis throughout the clinical trial process.

Space exploration will also be a focal point in 2026, with a sample collection mission to Phobos, one of Mars' moons. This mission aims to gather samples from the Martian moon and return them to Earth for analysis. Scientists hope that these samples will provide valuable insights into the origin and evolution of Phobos, as well as the broader history of the Martian system. The mission represents a significant step forward in our understanding of the solar system and could potentially shed light on the possibility of past or present life on Mars.

The Nature Podcast also addressed the impact of US policy changes on the scientific community. The Trump administration's policies in 2025, including grant cuts, arrests, and layoffs, created a tumultuous environment for researchers. These policies raised concerns about the future of scientific funding and the freedom of scientific inquiry. The long-term effects of these changes are still unfolding, but many scientists are advocating for increased investment in research and a more supportive policy environment.