Earlier this week, MIT Technology Review released its annual list of Ten Breakthrough Technologies, highlighting innovations poised to significantly impact various sectors, including biotechnology, by 2026. The list, which features technologies that garnered attention in the past year, identifies those expected to generate substantial advancements and potential challenges in the coming years.

Three biotechnologies were specifically recognized for their transformative potential: base-edited babies, resurrected ancient genes, and expanded embryo screening. These technologies, while promising, also raise ethical considerations that are currently being debated within the scientific community and the broader public.

One of the highlighted breakthroughs involves base editing, a precise form of gene editing. In August 2024, KJ Muldoon was born with a rare genetic disorder leading to a buildup of toxic ammonia in his blood. Facing a potentially fatal condition and the prospect of neurological damage, Muldoon received an experimental gene therapy involving personalized base editing to correct the specific genetic mutation responsible for his condition. This case represents a significant step forward in the application of gene editing to treat genetic diseases, offering a potential alternative to traditional treatments like organ transplantation.

Another breakthrough technology involves the resurrection of genes from ancient species. Scientists are exploring the possibility of reintroducing ancient genes into modern organisms to potentially unlock beneficial traits or understand evolutionary processes. While still in its early stages, this research could have implications for various fields, including medicine and agriculture.

The third biotechnology identified is expanded embryo screening, which offers parents the opportunity to screen embryos for a wider range of characteristics, including traits like height and intelligence. This technology has sparked considerable controversy due to ethical concerns about potential misuse and the implications of selecting embryos based on desired traits.

The inclusion of these three biotechnologies on the list reflects their potential to reshape the biotech landscape in the coming years. However, it also underscores the importance of ongoing discussions about the ethical and societal implications of these powerful technologies. The MIT Technology Review's annual list serves as a guide to the technologies that are most likely to shape the future, prompting further research, development, and critical evaluation of their potential benefits and risks.