Earlier this week, MIT Technology Review released its annual list of Ten Breakthrough Technologies, highlighting innovations poised to significantly impact various sectors, including biotechnology, by 2026. The list, which features technologies that gained prominence in the past year, identifies those expected to generate substantial advancements and discussions in the coming years. Among the highlighted biotechnologies are advancements in gene editing for newborns, the revival of ancient genes, and controversial embryo screening techniques.

One breakthrough involves base editing, a precise form of gene therapy, used to treat a newborn with a rare genetic disorder. In August 2024, KJ Muldoon was born with a condition that caused a buildup of toxic ammonia in his blood, posing a risk of fatal complications and neurological damage. Faced with the prospect of a liver transplant, Muldoon received an experimental, personalized base editing treatment designed to correct the specific genetic mutation causing his condition. The success of this treatment demonstrates the potential of gene editing to address previously untreatable genetic diseases.

Another technology identified as a breakthrough involves the resurrection of genes from ancient species. While the specific applications are still under development, researchers believe that studying and potentially reintroducing ancient genes could provide insights into evolutionary biology and offer new tools for biotechnology. This could lead to the development of novel materials, drugs, or even disease resistance strategies by leveraging the genetic adaptations of extinct organisms.

The third biotechnology highlighted is a controversial technique that allows parents to screen embryos for specific characteristics, such as height and intelligence. This technology raises ethical concerns about designer babies and the potential for exacerbating social inequalities. Proponents argue that it offers parents the opportunity to ensure their children have the best possible start in life, while critics worry about the potential for misuse and the societal implications of selecting for certain traits. The use of this technology is expected to spark ongoing debate and regulatory scrutiny in the coming years.

These three biotechnologies represent significant advancements with the potential to reshape healthcare, agriculture, and other industries. However, they also raise important ethical and societal questions that must be addressed as these technologies continue to develop and become more widely available. The MIT Technology Review's list serves as a guide to the innovations that are most likely to drive progress and generate discussion in the field of biotechnology in the coming years.