Earlier this week, MIT Technology Review released its annual list of Ten Breakthrough Technologies, highlighting innovations poised to significantly impact various sectors, including biotechnology, by 2026. The list features technologies that gained prominence in the past year and are expected to shape the future, encompassing advancements in energy, artificial intelligence, space travel, and health.

Within the biotech realm, three technologies stood out: base-edited babies, resurrected genes from ancient species, and embryo screening for specific traits. These technologies, while holding immense potential, also raise ethical considerations that are being debated within the scientific community and beyond.

One of the most groundbreaking, yet controversial, developments involves gene editing in infants. In August 2024, KJ Muldoon was born with a rare genetic disorder leading to a buildup of toxic ammonia in his blood. Facing potentially fatal consequences and neurological damage, Muldoon received an experimental gene therapy, a personalized base editing treatment designed to correct his specific genetic mutation. This case represents a significant step forward in the application of gene editing to treat inherited diseases, offering a potential alternative to traditional treatments like organ transplantation.

The second breakthrough technology involves the resurrection of genes from ancient species. Scientists are exploring the possibility of reintroducing extinct genes into living organisms to study their function and potentially confer beneficial traits. This research could provide insights into evolutionary processes and lead to the development of new therapies or biotechnological applications.

The third technology highlighted is embryo screening for characteristics like height and intelligence. This controversial technology offers parents the opportunity to select embryos based on desired traits. The ethical implications of such screening are significant, raising concerns about potential discrimination and the definition of "desirable" traits.

These three technologies are expected to drive significant advancements in biotechnology by 2026, but their development and implementation will require careful consideration of ethical and societal implications. The ongoing discussions and debates surrounding these technologies will shape their future trajectory and impact on society.