Scientists have long recognized Bd as a primary driver of amphibian decline, leading to the extinction of hundreds of species. The new research provides genetic evidence and trade data indicating that international frog meat markets served as a conduit for the fungus's global expansion. Researchers identified multiple genetic variants of the fungus across different regions, tracing their origins back to Brazil.

"Our findings raise serious concerns about the role of wildlife trade in the spread of pathogens," said Dr. Isabella Soares, lead author of the study. "The international movement of animals, even for seemingly benign purposes like food, can have devastating consequences for biodiversity."

The bullfrog, an exotic species commercially bred in Brazil since the 1930s, is believed to be a key vector in the spread of the fungus. These frogs are often raised in large numbers and then exported to various countries for consumption. The close proximity of frogs in these farms, combined with international shipping, created ideal conditions for the fungus to spread rapidly.

The frog meat trade is a significant industry in several parts of the world, particularly in Asia and Europe, where frog legs are considered a delicacy. While regulations exist in some countries to monitor the trade of live animals, these measures often fail to adequately address the risk of pathogen transmission.

"The current regulations are clearly insufficient to prevent the spread of diseases through wildlife trade," stated Dr. Kenichi Ito, a conservation biologist at the University of Tokyo, who was not involved in the study. "We need stronger international cooperation and stricter enforcement to protect vulnerable species."

The study's findings underscore the need for greater scrutiny of the wildlife trade and its potential impact on global biodiversity. Experts are calling for increased monitoring of frog farms, stricter regulations on international trade, and public awareness campaigns to educate consumers about the risks associated with consuming exotic meats. The research also highlights the importance of biosecurity measures to prevent the introduction and spread of invasive species and pathogens. Further research is planned to investigate the specific pathways through which the fungus spread and to identify other potential vectors.